Since 2000 Swedish support has been provided to strengthen research capacity and research management at Bolovia's two largest universities; Universidad Mayor de San Andrés (UMSA) and Universidad Mayor de San Simón (UMSS) and the Bolivian Vice Ministry for Science and Technology (VMS&T). The aim is to i) enhance the quality of education, ii) strengthen the skills in research management and research funds iii) create an innovations platform, iv) building up an ICT network, v) improve library information systems, vi) strengthen institutional capacity at university and faculty level through PhD training of staff, and vii) build up analytical capacity in the following areas:

• Health Science (4 PhD): i) infectious diseases, ii) leishmaniasis and iii) diarrheal diseases. Focus remains on problems mostly affecting poor people in certain geographical areas and indigenous communities.
• Natural Science (30 PhD, 1 Thec Lic and 1 Msc): i) agricultural sciences and agroindustry, ii) water, soil and non renewable natural resources, iii) biodiversity and renewable natural resources, iv) sustainable use of natural resources and environmental protection (natural product chemistry, biotechnology, food technology and hydrology, and water resources).
• Social Sciences and Humanities (32 PhD, 1 MA, 1 Msc): i) history, ii) architecture, iii) linguistics, iv) archaeology, v) anthropology and vi) cultural issues. Focus remains on topics with an indigenous approach.

Agreement period:

UMSA 200704 - 201206 UMSS 200704 - 201206; VMS&T  200801 - 201012

Agreed amount:

UMSA 77 600 000 SEK; UMSS 69 209 051 SEK; VMS&T 3 000 000 SEK

Samarbetsstrategi för utvecklingssamarbetet med Bolivia

The bilateral research cooperation with Burkina Faso is mainly directed at research capacity building at the University of Ouagadougou, the Polytechnic University of Bobo-Dioulasso and the Centre National de Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST) . The overarching objective is to i) strengthen national analytical capacity, ii) enhance capacity for research management and research funds through organising administrative workshops for personnel at CNRST and the universities, and thesis supervision workshop for academic staff, iii) develop ICT infrastructure in order to create an effective financial administration and to enable access to on-line research and information, iv) open the research system in Burkina Faso to international knowledge exchange, v) improve the organisation and training of research, vi) increase research publications and dissemination of research, vii) create innovation systems through inviting entrepreneurs from the private sector to research result dissemination seminars, viii) improve application of research findings through persuading the Burkina Faso government to make loans available to individuals/institutions willing to implement the research findings, and ix) to create new knowledge, through training of 15 PhD and 15- 19 Masters, in the following areas:

• Health Research: medicinal and nutritional plants of human and veterinary interest.
• Natural Sciences: i) agriculture, ii) environment, iii) technology, iv) agronomy, v) biotechnology, vi) forestry and rural ecology/development, vii) mathematics, viii) information technology, ix) ecology (management aspects of dry forest resources such as soil fertility, effects of different management regimes on regeneration and production, monitoring of resources, and the potential for commercial development of forest products), x) animal husbandry. This addresses the breeding of livestock and includes projects on fodder resources, poultry farming and dairy production. This may help many women whose livelihoods are dependent on poultry farming.
• Social Sciences: rural sociology and socio-economic aspects of poverty and development. These projects investigate how rural communities relate to the natural resources of the country and how continuous degradation of the Sahelian eco-systems threatens food security and may cause migratory movements with negative effects on the environment.  Emphasis is also placed on the connections between unsustainable management practices, land degradation and poverty.
• Multidisciplinary Research: forestry, animal husbandry and social anthropology

Samarbetsstrategi för utvecklingssamarbetet med Burkina Faso

Sida's bilateral research cooperation with Ethiopia is aimed towards the two universities that the Ethiopian government has identified to take responsibility for research training: Addis Ababa University (AAU) and Haramaya University (HU). Support has also targeted Armauer Hansen Research Institute (AHRI). The purpose of Sida's support has been to strengthen capacity at national, university and research institution level in order to improve the country's ownership and quality of research and research management systems. At university and faculty level, Sida has aimed at building capacity by focusing on PhD training of staff and a sandwich basis collaboration with Swedish universities. In conjunction with the focus on capacity strengthening, support has also been granted to the following research areas:

• Health Science: medicine, veterinary medicine, pharmacy, biomedicine, leprosy, tuberculosis, HIV/Aids and Malaria.
• Natural Sciences: science, informatics, technology and agriculture.
• Social Sciences and Humanities: social sciences, language, social work, education, business and economics and law.
• Multidisciplinary Research: science, technology, veterinary medicine, pharmacy, medicine, informatics and development studies.

Addis Ababa University (AAU)
AU has requested a block grant and decides independently which areas are to be given support. Extensive reforms in administration, financial management, procurement management and human resources are undertaken in order to strengthen the university's capacity to enable programme expansion and to manage support, research and research collaboration. Improvements from 2002 to 2009 include 22 PhD-holders, 3 ongoing PhD projects, significant research results presented in a range of areas, development of a 5-year strategic plan, extended library services and a computerised budgeting and finance system purchased.

Haramaya University (HU) 
Receives indirect agricultural research support to a smaller number of PhD programmes from Sida through collaboration with AAU.

Armauer Hansen Research Institute (AHRI)
AHRI receives a core support to strengthen AHRI as a national medical research institute through training of medical and biomedical students.

Samarbetsstrategi för utvecklingssamarbetet med Etiopien

Sida's research cooperation with Mozambique is mainly focused at Eduardo Mondlane University (UEM). The overall objective to the long-term support to UEM is to create a national research system, strengthen research capacity, enhance knowledge production and improve technological innovation. Support has also been granted to the following research areas:

• Health Science: medicine (7 PhD).
• Natural Science: engineering (17 PhD and 19 MSc), science (6 PhD and 17 MSc), veterinary research (4 PhD and 2 MSc) and agriculture (5 PhD).
• Social Science and Humanities: arts and social sciences (11 PhD and 11 MSc), education (5 PhD), and gender and sexual health (1PhD).

Since 2006 the Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT) in Mozambique also receives support. The aim is to strengthen and support MCT in order for it to enhance capacity and become a crucial actor in the system development, institutional development, management of research funds development, supervision of the national research system and creation of innovation clusters.

Agreement period: 2006 - 2011. Agreed amount: 207 140 771 SEK.

Samarbetsstrategi för utvecklingssamarbetet med Mocambique

The programme objective in Rwanda is to enhance the research capacity at the National University of Rwanda in the following research areas:

• Health Science: medicine.
• Natural Science: environment (5 PhD), ICT, applied mathematics.
• Social Science and Humanities: peace and conflict research (6 PhD), education (4 PhD).

The research cooperation also aims at strengthening the institutional capacity for research management and the university. This is done through improved library services, improved research commission, strengthened ICT infrastructure, administration and finance reform and improved programme coordination.

Agreement period: 2007 - 2011. Agreed amount: 125 600 000 SEK.

Samarbetsstrategi för utvecklingssamarbetet med Rwanda

Sida's research cooperation with Tanzania aims to enhance research capacity and to strengthen the institutional capacity for research management and promotion at the Tanzanian Commission for Science and Technology (COSTECH). Support has also been aimed towards the University of Dar es Salaam (UDSM). Since 2007 support has also targeted the two new universities branched off from UDSM; ARDHI University (ARU) and Muhimbili University for Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS).

The research cooperation with Tanzania aims at enhance the research capacity in the following research areas:

• Health Sciences (MUHAS): HIV/AIDS, malaria research, reproductive health and project on violence against women. The health projects strive to look for structural determinants of health, including poverty.
• Natural Sciences (ARU and UDSM): material science, geosciences, molecular biology and biotechnology, natural pesticidial agents, renewable energy, coastal and marine resources, engineering, ICT, mining and mineral processing, agriculture and food processing, commerce and entrepreneurship, management, urbanism, urban planning and infrastructure development.
• Social Sciences and Humanities (ARU and UDSM): gender studies, and culture and humanities.

Tanzanian Council for Science and Technology (COSTECH)
Bilateral research cooperation with COSTECH aims at strengthening institutional capacities, management, innovation and commercialisation of research knowledge including establishment of Science and Technology information management system and documentation.

Agreement period: 2009 - 2014. Agreed amount: 23 000 000 SEK.

University of Dar es Salaam (UDSM)
Sida's bilateral research cooperation with UDSM aims at develop institutional research capacity in an effort to that strengthen the university system and higher education within the framework of national policies and plans. The cooperation includes support to 13 different research programmes covering areas such as marine science, renewable energy, rural and urban infrastructure, access to electronic information, and business administration.

Agreement period: 2009 - 2014. Agreed amount: 138 310 000 SEK.

ARDHI University (ARU)
The broad objective of the research cooperation with ARU is to promote research and research training and to develop institutional capacity in an effort to strengthen the university system and higher education within the framework of national policies and plans. The specific research objectives are to i) strengthen research capacity and disseminate research outputs in land, housing and environment taking into account pertinent problems facing local communities in Tanzania, and to ii) build capacity in key resource support centres as foci for engagements in research and dissemination.

Agreement period: 2009 - 2014. Agreed amount 12 800 000 SEK.

Muhimbili University for Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS)
Bilateral research cooperation with MUHAS aims at develop institutional research capacity in an effort to strengthen the university system and higher education within the framework of national policies and plans. Special effort is put on post-graduated training for the purpose of the institutional research capacity building targeting the bridging gap between actual and necessary teaching staff to operate university research activities.

Agreement period: 2009 - 2014. Agreed amount: 61 542 500 SEK.

Samarbetsstrategi för utvecklingssamarbetet med Tanzania

The Swedish research cooperation with Uganda was initiated in 2000. The focus has been institutional support aimed at building up sustainable institutional research capacity in Uganda. To enable Uganda to have its own knowledge base to address national problems, the support has been focused at Makerere University (MU),the largest public university. Support has been granted to the following research areas:

• Health Science: Malaria, HIV/Aids, reducing maternal mortality, gender based violence, sexually transmitted infections, infant and child mortality, improve access to family planning services and improve access to drugs and improve skills for diagnosis and treatment.
• Natural Sciences: ecological resource management (food security and value addition), biotechnology and ecosystem health, material sciences, urbanization, ICT, GIS, water resources, renewable energy, innovation systems and innovation cluster, and environment and climate change.
• Social Sciences and Humanities: good governance, conflict, new government policies and programmes, gender equity, democracy, health care reforms, equity and rights, media and communication in support of democracy and sustainable livelihoods and environmental journalism.
  
   Agreement period: 2010 - 2014. Agreed amount: 180 000 000 SEK.

Makerere University Research Capacity Building Programme

Samarbetsstrategi för utvecklingssamarbetet med Uganda

The Sweden-Vietnam research collaboration dates back to 1976, with support to research projects and training. The programme comprises the three sub-programs Health, Biotechnology and Rural Development.The overall aim of the bilateral research cooperation is to strengthen research capacity by creating conducive research environment, to provide research education and to assist with methods for planning, setting priorities and allocating funds for research. This includes training of individual researchers, supervisors and coordinators in a holistic fashion, as well as investing in research facilities. After many years of bilateral cooperation the research programme has entered into its final phase during this country strategy period.